diff --git a/internal/api/router/router.go b/internal/api/router/router.go
index a2c760c..b6d4a04 100644
--- a/internal/api/router/router.go
+++ b/internal/api/router/router.go
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 package router
 
 import (
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
 	swaggerFiles "github.com/swaggo/files"
@@ -122,9 +127,9 @@ func (r *Router) Setup() *gin.Engine {
 		)
 	}
 
-	// P0 安全修复：/uploads 目录不再公开暴露，改为需要认证后才能访问
+	// P0 安全修复：/uploads 目录使用受控文件服务，防止路径遍历
 	uploadsGroup := r.engine.Group("/uploads", r.authMiddleware.Required())
-	uploadsGroup.Static("", "./uploads")
+	uploadsGroup.GET("/*filepath", r.serveUploads)
 
 	r.engine.GET("/swagger/*any", ginSwagger.WrapHandler(swaggerFiles.Handler))
 
@@ -408,3 +413,37 @@ func (r *Router) Setup() *gin.Engine {
 func (r *Router) GetEngine() *gin.Engine {
 	return r.engine
 }
+
+// serveUploads 提供受控的上传文件访问，防止路径遍历攻击
+func (r *Router) serveUploads(c *gin.Context) {
+	filePath := c.Param("filepath")
+
+	// 1. 清理路径，阻止路径遍历
+	filePath = filepath.Clean("/" + filePath)
+	if strings.Contains(filePath, "..") {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"code": 403, "message": "invalid path"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 2. 限制在上传目录内
+	fullPath := filepath.Join("./uploads", filePath)
+	absUploads, _ := filepath.Abs("./uploads")
+	absPath, _ := filepath.Abs(fullPath)
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(absPath, absUploads) {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusForbidden, gin.H{"code": 403, "message": "access denied"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 3. 检查文件存在
+	if _, err := os.Stat(fullPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		c.AbortWithStatus(http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 4. 设置安全响应头（禁止浏览器执行）
+	c.Header("Content-Security-Policy", "default-src 'none'")
+	c.Header("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
+
+	// 5. 提供文件
+	c.File(fullPath)
+}
diff --git a/internal/auth/oauth.go b/internal/auth/oauth.go
index cd053e3..6803551 100644
--- a/internal/auth/oauth.go
+++ b/internal/auth/oauth.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/user-management-system/internal/auth/providers"
 )
@@ -71,6 +72,9 @@ type OAuthManager interface {
 	// ValidateToken 验证令牌
 	ValidateToken(token string) (bool, error)
 
+	// ValidateTokenWithProvider 通过指定 provider 验证令牌
+	ValidateTokenWithProvider(ctx context.Context, provider OAuthProvider, token string) (bool, error)
+
 	// GetConfig 获取OAuth配置
 	GetConfig(provider OAuthProvider) (*OAuthConfig, bool)
 
@@ -442,9 +446,11 @@ func (m *DefaultOAuthManager) ValidateToken(token string) (bool, error) {
 	if len(providers) == 0 {
 		return false, errors.New("no OAuth providers configured")
 	}
+	// 添加 5 秒超时，防止 provider API 无响应导致阻塞
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
 	// 尝试任一 provider 的 userinfo 端点验证
 	tokenObj := &OAuthToken{AccessToken: token}
-	ctx := context.Background()
 	for _, p := range providers {
 		if _, err := m.GetUserInfo(ctx, p.Provider, tokenObj); err == nil {
 			return true, nil
@@ -454,10 +460,13 @@ func (m *DefaultOAuthManager) ValidateToken(token string) (bool, error) {
 }
 
 // ValidateTokenWithProvider 通过指定 provider 验证令牌
-func (m *DefaultOAuthManager) ValidateTokenWithProvider(provider OAuthProvider, token string) (bool, error) {
+func (m *DefaultOAuthManager) ValidateTokenWithProvider(ctx context.Context, provider OAuthProvider, token string) (bool, error) {
 	if token == "" {
 		return false, nil
 	}
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
 
 	cfg, ok := m.GetConfig(provider)
 	if !ok || cfg.ClientID == "" {
@@ -466,7 +475,6 @@ func (m *DefaultOAuthManager) ValidateTokenWithProvider(provider OAuthProvider,
 
 	// 通过 provider 的 userinfo 端点验证 token
 	tokenObj := &OAuthToken{AccessToken: token}
-	ctx := context.Background()
 	_, err := m.GetUserInfo(ctx, provider, tokenObj)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
diff --git a/internal/auth/oauth_test.go b/internal/auth/oauth_test.go
index e3c51d4..a85f609 100644
--- a/internal/auth/oauth_test.go
+++ b/internal/auth/oauth_test.go
@@ -175,15 +175,16 @@ func TestDefaultOAuthManager_ValidateToken(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDefaultOAuthManager_ValidateTokenWithProvider(t *testing.T) {
 	m := NewOAuthManager()
+	ctx := context.Background()
 
 	// Test empty token
-	valid, err := m.ValidateTokenWithProvider(OAuthProviderGoogle, "")
+	valid, err := m.ValidateTokenWithProvider(ctx, OAuthProviderGoogle, "")
 	if valid || err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("ValidateTokenWithProvider('') = %v, %v, want false, nil", valid, err)
 	}
 
 	// Test non-existent provider
-	valid, err = m.ValidateTokenWithProvider(OAuthProviderGoogle, "some-token")
+	valid, err = m.ValidateTokenWithProvider(ctx, OAuthProviderGoogle, "some-token")
 	if valid {
 		t.Error("ValidateTokenWithProvider() should return false for unconfigured provider")
 	}
@@ -607,7 +608,7 @@ func TestOAuthManager_ValidateTokenWithProvider_WithConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	// ValidateTokenWithProvider will try GetUserInfo which will fail
-	valid, err := m.ValidateTokenWithProvider(OAuthProviderGoogle, "some-token")
+	valid, err := m.ValidateTokenWithProvider(context.Background(), OAuthProviderGoogle, "some-token")
 	// Should return false
 	if valid {
 		t.Error("ValidateTokenWithProvider() should return false for invalid token")
diff --git a/internal/service/auth_oauth_internal_test.go b/internal/service/auth_oauth_internal_test.go
index 3d288de..f694e52 100644
--- a/internal/service/auth_oauth_internal_test.go
+++ b/internal/service/auth_oauth_internal_test.go
@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ func (m *mockOAuthManager) ValidateToken(token string) (bool, error) {
 	return token != "", nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockOAuthManager) ValidateTokenWithProvider(ctx context.Context, provider auth.OAuthProvider, token string) (bool, error) {
+	return token != "", nil
+}
+
 func (m *mockOAuthManager) GetConfig(provider auth.OAuthProvider) (*auth.OAuthConfig, bool) {
 	if m.config != nil {
 		return m.config, true