797 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
797 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
# 🛠️ 开发指南
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> 版本: 1.0
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> 更新时间: 2026-03-04
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## 📋 目录
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1. [开发环境搭建](#开发环境搭建)
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2. [项目结构](#项目结构)
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3. [开发规范](#开发规范)
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4. [测试指南](#测试指南)
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5. [调试技巧](#调试技巧)
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6. [贡献指南](#贡献指南)
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7. [常见问题](#常见问题)
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## 🚀 开发环境搭建
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### 前置要求
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| 工具 | 版本 | 说明 |
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|------|------|------|
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| JDK | 17+ | 推荐使用OpenJDK 17或21 |
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| Maven | 3.8+ | 构建工具 |
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| PostgreSQL | 12+ | 数据库 |
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| Redis | 6.0+ | 缓存（可选，开发环境可用内存模式） |
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| Git | 2.30+ | 版本控制 |
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| IDE | - | 推荐IntelliJ IDEA或VS Code |
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### 1. 克隆项目
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/your-org/mosquito.git
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cd mosquito
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```
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### 2. 安装依赖
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```bash
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# 安装PostgreSQL（Ubuntu/Debian）
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib
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# 安装Redis（可选）
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sudo apt-get install redis-server
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# 或使用Docker
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docker run -d --name mosquito-postgres -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=dev_password -p 5432:5432 postgres:15
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docker run -d --name mosquito-redis -p 6379:6379 redis:7-alpine
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```
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### 3. 配置数据库
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```bash
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# 创建数据库
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sudo -u postgres psql -c "CREATE DATABASE mosquito_dev;"
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sudo -u postgres psql -c "CREATE USER mosquito WITH PASSWORD 'dev_password';"
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sudo -u postgres psql -c "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE mosquito_dev TO mosquito;"
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```
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### 4. 配置开发环境
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复制配置模板：
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```bash
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cp src/main/resources/application-dev.yml.example src/main/resources/application-dev.yml
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```
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编辑 `application-dev.yml`：
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```yaml
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spring:
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datasource:
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url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/mosquito_dev
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username: mosquito
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password: dev_password
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data:
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redis:
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host: localhost
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port: 6379
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app:
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api-key:
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encryption-key: dev_32_char_encryption_key_12
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```
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### 5. 构建项目
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```bash
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# 编译项目
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mvn clean compile
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# 运行测试
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mvn test
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# 打包
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mvn package
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```
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### 6. 启动应用
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```bash
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# 使用Maven
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mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.profiles=dev
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# 或使用JAR
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java -jar target/mosquito-1.0.0.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev
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```
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访问 `http://localhost:8080/actuator/health` 验证启动成功。
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### 7. 工作区定期清理
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为避免构建产物和测试产物污染仓库，建议在本地定期执行以下命令：
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```bash
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# 只检查（发现 target/frontend/*/dist 或测试产物即返回非零）
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npm run clean:workspace:check
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# 归档清理（将产物移动到 /tmp/mosquito-archives/<tag>）
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npm run clean:workspace:apply
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# 历史日志归档（保留最近 1 天）
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npm run logs:health:check
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npm run logs:archive:check
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npm run logs:archive:apply
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npm run logs:archive:index
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```
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说明：
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- `clean:workspace:check` 对应 `scripts/ci/clean-artifacts.sh --include-build-outputs --fail-on-found`。
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- `clean:workspace:apply` 默认使用归档模式，不直接删除文件，便于回溯。
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- `logs:health:check` 对应 `scripts/ci/logs-health-check.sh`，用于输出日志体积和历史候选文件数量（仅告警，不阻断）。
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- `logs:archive:*` 对应 `scripts/ci/archive-logs.sh`，将按时间戳命名的历史运行日志移动到 `logs/archive/<tag>/`。
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- `logs:archive:index` 对应 `scripts/ci/update-log-archive-index.sh`，用于刷新 `logs/archive/README.md` 索引。
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- 若本地正在运行 `spring-boot:run`、`vite` 或 `scripts/e2e_continuous_runner.sh`，`target` 与 `frontend/e2e/*` 可能被立即重建。建议先停止后台进程再执行清理。
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### 8. IDE配置
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**IntelliJ IDEA：**
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1. 导入项目：`File > Open` 选择项目根目录
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2. 配置JDK：`File > Project Structure > Project SDK` 选择JDK 17
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3. 启用注解处理：`Settings > Build > Compiler > Annotation Processors` 勾选 `Enable annotation processing`
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4. 配置运行配置：
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- `Run > Edit Configurations`
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- 添加 `Spring Boot` 配置
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- Main class: `com.mosquito.project.MosquitoApplication`
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- Active profiles: `dev`
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**VS Code：**
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安装扩展：
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- Extension Pack for Java
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- Spring Boot Extension Pack
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- Lombok Annotations Support
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配置 `.vscode/launch.json`：
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```json
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{
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"version": "0.2.0",
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"configurations": [
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{
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"type": "java",
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"name": "Spring Boot-MosquitoApplication",
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"request": "launch",
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"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
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"mainClass": "com.mosquito.project.MosquitoApplication",
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"projectName": "mosquito",
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"args": "--spring.profiles.active=dev",
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"envFile": "${workspaceFolder}/.env"
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}
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]
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}
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```
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## 📁 项目结构
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```
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mosquito/
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├── src/
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│ ├── main/
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│ │ ├── java/com/mosquito/project/
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│ │ │ ├── config/ # 配置类
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│ │ │ │ ├── CacheConfig.java
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│ │ │ │ ├── OpenApiConfig.java
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│ │ │ │ └── WebMvcConfig.java
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│ │ │ ├── controller/ # REST控制器
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│ │ │ │ ├── ActivityController.java
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│ │ │ │ ├── ApiKeyController.java
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│ │ │ │ ├── ShareTrackingController.java
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│ │ │ │ └── UserExperienceController.java
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│ │ │ ├── dto/ # 数据传输对象
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│ │ │ │ ├── ApiResponse.java
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│ │ │ │ ├── CreateActivityRequest.java
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│ │ │ │ └── ActivityStatsResponse.java
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│ │ │ ├── exception/ # 异常处理
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│ │ │ │ ├── GlobalExceptionHandler.java
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│ │ │ │ ├── BusinessException.java
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│ │ │ │ └── ResourceNotFoundException.java
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│ │ │ ├── persistence/ # 持久层
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│ │ │ │ ├── entity/ # JPA实体
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│ │ │ │ └── repository/ # JPA仓库
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│ │ │ ├── service/ # 业务逻辑
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│ │ │ │ ├── ActivityService.java
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│ │ │ │ ├── ShortLinkService.java
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│ │ │ │ └── ShareTrackingService.java
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│ │ │ ├── security/ # 安全相关
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│ │ │ │ └── UserIntrospectionService.java
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│ │ │ ├── web/ # Web层（拦截器等）
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│ │ │ │ ├── ApiKeyAuthInterceptor.java
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│ │ │ │ └── RateLimitInterceptor.java
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│ │ │ └── MosquitoApplication.java
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│ │ └── resources/
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│ │ ├── db/migration/ # Flyway迁移脚本
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│ │ ├── application.properties
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│ │ ├── application-dev.yml
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│ │ └── logback-spring.xml
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│ └── test/
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│ └── java/com/mosquito/project/
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│ ├── controller/ # 控制器测试
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│ ├── service/ # 服务测试
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│ ├── integration/ # 集成测试
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│ └── config/ # 测试配置
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├── docs/ # 文档
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│ ├── api.md
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│ ├── PRD.md
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│ └── data-model.md
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├── pom.xml
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└── README.md
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```
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### 分层架构
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Controller Layer │ REST API端点
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│ (ActivityController, etc.) │
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└─────────────┬───────────────────────┘
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│
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┌─────────────▼───────────────────────┐
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│ Service Layer │ 业务逻辑
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│ (ActivityService, etc.) │
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└─────────────┬───────────────────────┘
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│
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┌─────────────▼───────────────────────┐
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│ Repository Layer │ 数据访问
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│ (JPA Repositories) │
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└─────────────┬───────────────────────┘
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│
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┌─────────────▼───────────────────────┐
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│ Database Layer │ PostgreSQL + Redis
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## 📝 开发规范
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### 代码风格
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**Java代码规范：**
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- 遵循Google Java Style Guide
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- 使用4个空格缩进
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- 类名使用PascalCase
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- 方法名和变量名使用camelCase
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- 常量使用UPPER_SNAKE_CASE
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**示例：**
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```java
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public class ActivityService {
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private static final int DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE = 20;
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private final ActivityRepository activityRepository;
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public ActivityService(ActivityRepository activityRepository) {
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this.activityRepository = activityRepository;
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}
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public Activity createActivity(CreateActivityRequest request) {
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// 实现逻辑
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}
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}
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```
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### 命名规范
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**Controller：**
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- 类名：`XxxController`
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- 方法名：动词开头，如 `createActivity`, `getActivity`, `updateActivity`
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**Service：**
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- 类名：`XxxService`
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- 方法名：业务动作，如 `create`, `findById`, `update`, `delete`
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**Repository：**
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- 类名：`XxxRepository`
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- 方法名：遵循Spring Data JPA规范，如 `findByActivityId`, `existsByCode`
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**DTO：**
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- 请求：`XxxRequest`
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- 响应：`XxxResponse`
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- 通用：`XxxDto`
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### 注释规范
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**类注释：**
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```java
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/**
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* 活动管理服务
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*
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* 提供活动的创建、查询、更新和删除功能
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*
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* @author Your Name
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* @since 1.0.0
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*/
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public class ActivityService {
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}
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```
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**方法注释：**
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```java
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/**
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* 创建新活动
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*
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* @param request 活动创建请求
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* @return 创建的活动实体
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* @throws BusinessException 当活动名称重复时
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*/
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public Activity createActivity(CreateActivityRequest request) {
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}
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```
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### Git提交规范
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遵循Conventional Commits规范：
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```
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<type>(<scope>): <subject>
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<body>
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<footer>
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```
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**类型（type）：**
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- `feat`: 新功能
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- `fix`: 修复bug
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- `docs`: 文档更新
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- `style`: 代码格式调整
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- `refactor`: 重构
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- `test`: 测试相关
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- `chore`: 构建/工具相关
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**示例：**
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```bash
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feat(activity): add activity leaderboard endpoint
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- Implement leaderboard query with pagination
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- Add caching for leaderboard results
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- Add integration tests
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Closes #123
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```
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### API设计规范
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**RESTful风格：**
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```
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GET /api/v1/activities # 获取活动列表
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POST /api/v1/activities # 创建活动
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GET /api/v1/activities/{id} # 获取单个活动
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PUT /api/v1/activities/{id} # 更新活动
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DELETE /api/v1/activities/{id} # 删除活动
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```
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**统一响应格式：**
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```json
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{
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"code": 200,
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"message": "Success",
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"data": { ... },
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"timestamp": "2026-03-04T10:00:00Z"
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}
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```
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**错误响应：**
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```json
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{
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"code": 400,
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"message": "Invalid request",
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"error": {
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"code": "VALIDATION_ERROR",
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"details": {
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"name": "Activity name is required"
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}
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},
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"timestamp": "2026-03-04T10:00:00Z"
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}
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```
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## 🧪 测试指南
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### 测试分层
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```
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测试金字塔：
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┌─────────┐
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│ E2E │ 10% - 端到端测试
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├─────────┤
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│ 集成测试 │ 30% - 集成测试
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├─────────┤
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│ 单元测试 │ 60% - 单元测试
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└─────────┘
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```
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### 单元测试
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**Service层测试：**
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```java
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@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
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class ActivityServiceTest {
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@Mock
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private ActivityRepository activityRepository;
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@InjectMocks
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private ActivityService activityService;
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@Test
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@DisplayName("应成功创建活动")
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void shouldCreateActivity_whenValidRequest() {
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// Given
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CreateActivityRequest request = new CreateActivityRequest();
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request.setName("春季活动");
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ActivityEntity entity = new ActivityEntity();
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entity.setId(1L);
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entity.setName("春季活动");
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when(activityRepository.save(any())).thenReturn(entity);
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// When
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Activity result = activityService.create(request);
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// Then
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assertThat(result.getId()).isEqualTo(1L);
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assertThat(result.getName()).isEqualTo("春季活动");
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verify(activityRepository).save(any());
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}
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}
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```
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### 集成测试
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**Controller集成测试：**
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```java
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@SpringBootTest
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@AutoConfigureMockMvc
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@ActiveProfiles("test")
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class ActivityControllerIntegrationTest {
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@Autowired
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private MockMvc mockMvc;
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@Autowired
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private ActivityRepository activityRepository;
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@BeforeEach
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void setUp() {
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activityRepository.deleteAll();
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}
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@Test
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@DisplayName("应成功创建活动并返回201")
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void shouldCreateActivity() throws Exception {
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String requestBody = """
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{
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"name": "春季活动",
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"startTime": "2025-03-01T10:00:00+08:00",
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"endTime": "2025-03-31T23:59:59+08:00"
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}
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""";
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mockMvc.perform(post("/api/v1/activities")
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.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
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.header("X-API-Key", "test-key")
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.content(requestBody))
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.andExpect(status().isCreated())
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.andExpect(jsonPath("$.code").value(201))
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.andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.name").value("春季活动"));
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}
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}
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```
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### 运行测试
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```bash
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# 运行所有测试
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mvn test
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# 运行单个测试类
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mvn test -Dtest=ActivityServiceTest
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# 运行单个测试方法
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mvn test -Dtest=ActivityServiceTest#shouldCreateActivity_whenValidRequest
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# 生成覆盖率报告
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mvn clean test jacoco:report
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# 查看覆盖率报告
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open target/site/jacoco/index.html
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```
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### 测试覆盖率目标
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| 指标 | 目标 | 当前 |
|
||
|------|------|------|
|
||
| 指令覆盖率 | ≥80% | 87% ✅ |
|
||
| 分支覆盖率 | ≥70% | 66% 🟡 |
|
||
| 行覆盖率 | ≥90% | 93% ✅ |
|
||
|
||
## 🐛 调试技巧
|
||
|
||
### 日志调试
|
||
|
||
**启用调试日志：**
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
logging:
|
||
level:
|
||
com.mosquito.project: DEBUG
|
||
org.springframework.web: DEBUG
|
||
org.hibernate.SQL: DEBUG
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**使用SLF4J日志：**
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
import org.slf4j.Logger;
|
||
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
|
||
|
||
public class ActivityService {
|
||
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ActivityService.class);
|
||
|
||
public Activity create(CreateActivityRequest request) {
|
||
log.debug("Creating activity: {}", request.getName());
|
||
// ...
|
||
log.info("Activity created: id={}", activity.getId());
|
||
return activity;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 远程调试
|
||
|
||
**启动应用时启用远程调试：**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
java -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=*:5005 \
|
||
-jar target/mosquito-1.0.0.jar
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**IntelliJ IDEA配置：**
|
||
1. `Run > Edit Configurations`
|
||
2. 添加 `Remote JVM Debug`
|
||
3. Host: `localhost`, Port: `5005`
|
||
4. 点击Debug按钮连接
|
||
|
||
### 数据库调试
|
||
|
||
**查看SQL语句：**
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
spring:
|
||
jpa:
|
||
show-sql: true
|
||
properties:
|
||
hibernate:
|
||
format_sql: true
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**使用H2 Console（测试环境）：**
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
spring:
|
||
h2:
|
||
console:
|
||
enabled: true
|
||
path: /h2-console
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
访问 `http://localhost:8080/h2-console`
|
||
|
||
### Redis调试
|
||
|
||
**使用Redis CLI：**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 连接Redis
|
||
redis-cli
|
||
|
||
# 查看所有键
|
||
KEYS *
|
||
|
||
# 查看键值
|
||
GET rate_limit:api_key_123
|
||
|
||
# 查看TTL
|
||
TTL rate_limit:api_key_123
|
||
|
||
# 清空缓存
|
||
FLUSHDB
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 🤝 贡献指南
|
||
|
||
### 开发流程
|
||
|
||
1. **Fork项目**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# Fork到你的GitHub账号
|
||
# 克隆你的Fork
|
||
git clone https://github.com/your-username/mosquito.git
|
||
cd mosquito
|
||
git remote add upstream https://github.com/your-org/mosquito.git
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. **创建功能分支**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
git checkout -b feature/add-leaderboard
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. **开发功能**
|
||
|
||
- 编写代码
|
||
- 添加测试
|
||
- 更新文档
|
||
|
||
4. **提交代码**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
git add .
|
||
git commit -m "feat(activity): add leaderboard endpoint"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
5. **同步上游**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
git fetch upstream
|
||
git rebase upstream/main
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
6. **推送分支**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
git push origin feature/add-leaderboard
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
7. **创建Pull Request**
|
||
|
||
- 访问GitHub仓库
|
||
- 点击 "New Pull Request"
|
||
- 填写PR描述
|
||
- 等待代码审查
|
||
|
||
### Pull Request检查清单
|
||
|
||
- [ ] 代码遵循项目规范
|
||
- [ ] 添加了单元测试
|
||
- [ ] 添加了集成测试
|
||
- [ ] 测试覆盖率不降低
|
||
- [ ] 更新了相关文档
|
||
- [ ] 通过了CI/CD检查
|
||
- [ ] 代码已经过自我审查
|
||
- [ ] 提交信息遵循规范
|
||
|
||
### 代码审查标准
|
||
|
||
**必须检查：**
|
||
- 功能是否正确实现
|
||
- 是否有安全漏洞
|
||
- 是否有性能问题
|
||
- 测试是否充分
|
||
- 代码是否可维护
|
||
|
||
**建议检查：**
|
||
- 命名是否清晰
|
||
- 注释是否充分
|
||
- 是否有重复代码
|
||
- 是否可以简化
|
||
|
||
## ❓ 常见问题
|
||
|
||
### Q1: 数据库连接失败
|
||
|
||
**问题：** `Connection refused: connect`
|
||
|
||
**解决：**
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 检查PostgreSQL是否运行
|
||
sudo systemctl status postgresql
|
||
|
||
# 启动PostgreSQL
|
||
sudo systemctl start postgresql
|
||
|
||
# 检查连接
|
||
psql -U mosquito -h localhost -d mosquito_dev
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Q2: Redis连接失败
|
||
|
||
**问题：** `Unable to connect to Redis`
|
||
|
||
**解决：**
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 检查Redis是否运行
|
||
sudo systemctl status redis
|
||
|
||
# 启动Redis
|
||
sudo systemctl start redis
|
||
|
||
# 测试连接
|
||
redis-cli ping
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Q3: 测试失败
|
||
|
||
**问题：** `TestContainers: Could not find a valid Docker environment`
|
||
|
||
**解决：**
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 安装Docker
|
||
sudo apt-get install docker.io
|
||
|
||
# 启动Docker
|
||
sudo systemctl start docker
|
||
|
||
# 添加用户到docker组
|
||
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Q4: 端口被占用
|
||
|
||
**问题：** `Port 8080 is already in use`
|
||
|
||
**解决：**
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 查找占用端口的进程
|
||
lsof -i :8080
|
||
|
||
# 杀死进程
|
||
kill -9 <PID>
|
||
|
||
# 或使用其他端口
|
||
java -jar target/mosquito-1.0.0.jar --server.port=8081
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Q5: Flyway迁移失败
|
||
|
||
**问题：** `Flyway migration failed`
|
||
|
||
**解决：**
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 查看迁移状态
|
||
mvn flyway:info
|
||
|
||
# 修复失败的迁移
|
||
mvn flyway:repair
|
||
|
||
# 清空数据库重新迁移（仅开发环境）
|
||
mvn flyway:clean flyway:migrate
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 📚 相关资源
|
||
|
||
- [部署指南](./DEPLOYMENT_GUIDE.md) - 部署说明
|
||
- [配置指南](./CONFIGURATION_GUIDE.md) - 配置选项
|
||
- [API文档](./api.md) - API接口文档
|
||
- [API集成指南](./API_INTEGRATION_GUIDE.md) - API集成示例
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
**文档版本**: 1.0
|
||
**最后更新**: 2026-03-04
|